In recent decades, genetics has opened new horizons in understanding how our bodies interact with the environment and life events. One of the most remarkable discoveries has been the phenomenon of epigenetic inheritance — a process through which traumatic experiences can leave a mark on our genes and be passed down to future generations. This not only broadens our understanding of heredity but also challenges the traditional perception of the relationship between biology and psychology.

What is Epigenetics and How Does it Work?

Epigenetics is the branch of science that studies changes in gene activity that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence itself. Unlike mutations, which alter the structure of genes, epigenetic changes control how and when genes are "turned on" or "turned off." These changes can occur due to various factors, such as stress, diet, the environment, and even life experiences.

For example, when a person experiences severe stress or traumatic events, it can activate or suppress certain genes. These changes may then become "imprinted" in DNA and passed down to future generations. Thus, descendants of those who survived wars, famine, or emotional upheavals may inherit not only physical traits but also a predisposition to specific psychological conditions.

Historical Trauma in DNA: Case Studies

One of the most well-known studies in this field was conducted by scientists at Emory University, who studied the descendants of Holocaust survivors. They found that the children and grandchildren of survivors were more prone to anxiety disorders and depression, even though they had not experienced similar traumas themselves. This may be linked to epigenetic changes passed down from parents whose bodies altered their stress response due to extreme circumstances.

Similar results have been found in other studies. In one, researchers looked at the descendants of people who survived the Dutch famine during World War II. These descendants showed altered metabolic processes and a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, despite not having experienced famine themselves. This suggests that the genetic markers of famine could be passed through generations.

How Does Trauma Affect the Genetic Code?

These studies allow us to understand that stress and trauma are not just psychological phenomena — they can leave deep imprints on our bodies at a cellular level. When a person experiences trauma, their body releases stress hormones like cortisol, which can alter the functioning of genes responsible for emotions, memory, and even immunity. These changes are recorded in the DNA and can be passed on to offspring through epigenetic markers.

Can You Change Your Genetic Inheritance?

One of the most interesting aspects of epigenetics is that these changes in DNA are not permanent. They can be activated or deactivated depending on environmental conditions, lifestyle, and even psychological work. This means that the descendants of those who experienced trauma are not doomed to repeat their ancestors' fates.

Today, scientists and psychologists are working to discover how the effects of epigenetic inheritance can be mitigated. One of the most promising approaches is conscious work with trauma — therapy, meditation, and lifestyle changes can help "turn off" the genes linked to negative emotions and stress.

For example, research shows that regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and practices that manage stress (such as meditation or yoga) can modify epigenetic markers and reduce the risk of developing depression or anxiety disorders. Psychological methods, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, can help individuals work through inherited trauma, become aware of its influence, and reduce its impact on their lives.

How Can Understanding Your Family History Help?

Understanding that trauma can be passed down through generations allows us to look at our family history from a new perspective. Perhaps the feelings of anxiety or depression that you experience are echoes of your ancestors' experiences. Acknowledging this connection may be the first step toward breaking the cycle and not passing it on to future generations.

For Americans, whose history includes migrations, wars, and social upheavals, this discovery is particularly relevant. In a world of global instability and rapid changes, recognizing how genetic inheritance can affect us can help not only in understanding ourselves but also in creating better conditions for future generations.

Thus, the science of genes and trauma offers not only new insights into the past but also hope that through awareness and active work on ourselves, we can change the future — both for ourselves and our children.